Physical Properties Of Some Radioisotopes Used In Medical Field

There are about two dozen radioisotopes finding their use in medical diagnosis and treatment. Here is a list of physical properties of these radioactive isotopes. The list could be beneficial for the students of radiation science.

Physical Properties of some Radioisotopes

The radioisotopes available as mixed with stable isotope from the same element and are called carrier radioisotopes and those available as free from any stable isotope are called carrier free radioisotopes. The carrier free radioactive chemical may contain many milliCuries (mCi) of radiation energy in a few milligrams (mg) of chemical. The radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) used in the treatment of hyperthyriodism (hyperactivity of thyroid gland) and evaluation of thyroid function should be carrier free or nearly so.

What Is Radioactive Decay Or Half Life Of A Radioisotope

Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes of an element are always in the process of nuclear disintegration in order to acquire the stable form. The major unit of radioactivity is Curie (Ci) which means 37x10⁹ disintegrations per second. One thousandth (¹/₁₀₀₀) part of a Curie is called milliCurie (mCi) and one thousandth (¹/₁₀₀₀) part of a milliCurie is called microCurie (mCi). Other units of the radioactivity will be discussed in some other article. The radioactive chemical is being expressed in terms of radioactivity it possessed at the time (0 hour) of evaluation and labeling. Every radioisotope undergoes decay or nuclear disintegration at a uniform rate and the time after which it loses the half of its activity is called its Half Life.

Radioactivity is linked to per unit mass or volume of radioactive chemical. The radioactive Half Life could be a few hours, days or many years. For example ²⁴Na has a Half Life of 15 hours, ¹²⁵I has a Half Live of 60 days, ⁶⁰Co has a Half Live of 5.2 years and ¹⁴C has a Half Live of 5730 years. If 1gram of a radioactive chemical has 2Ci radioactivity at 0-hour, it would be reduced to 50% (1Ci) after the completion of 1st Half Life, 25% after completion of 2nd Half Life, 12.5% after the completion of 3rd Half Life and 6.25% after the completion of 4th Half Life and goes on reducing to 50% on the completion of successive Half Lives as depicted below, through the Radioactivity Decay Graph.

However the mass or volume of the radioisotope would not under go any change with the reduction in radioactivity due to passage of time and completion of successive Half Lives one after the other. Preparation of Radioactivity Decay Graph is must for the radioisotope users to workout the radioactivity at a particular time or date with respect to the Half Life of a radioisotope.